Rules Committee · May 22, 2025
H.Amdt. 22: Its purpose is not yet published.
Adopted
With no one objecting, no names recorded
Jodey Arrington (R-TX)
One Big Beautiful Bill Act
An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.
H.R. 1 · House bill Economics and Public Finance
A Republican bill with no cosponsors
Last activity — Became Public Law No: 119-21.
Became law
Passed both chambers and was signed by the President, or became law without a signature.
Nothing more in Congress: it is law. When it takes effect depends on the dates written into it — some parts start at once, others a year or more later.
What this bill would do
This legislation provides for reconciliation and encompasses significant changes across many sectors, including agriculture, defense, energy, and tax policy. It introduces major tax reforms such as new deductions for tips, overtime, and car loan interest, while also adjusting the standard deduction and child tax credit. The bill authorizes massive funding for military personnel, space exploration through NASA, and border security infrastructure. It also implements various changes to social programs like Medicaid, Medicare, and student aid systems. Furthermore, it addresses energy production through increased oil and gas leasing and various environmental funding adjustments.
Yes· 3 of 45
- Scored +7
Does this tighten control of the border?
The bill allocates massive funding for border walls, personnel, technology, and infrastructure.
- Scored +6
Does this put more money into scientific research?
The bill provides significant funding for NASA, agricultural, and transformational AI research.
- Scored +5
Would business owners be better off under this?
The bill provides significant tax advantages through full expensing of business property and research.
The opposite· 3 of 16
- Scored -6
Would immigrants be better off under this?
The bill imposes numerous new fees and increases detention and enforcement activities.
- Scored -6
Does this put more money into wind, solar and other renewable power?
The bill terminates several key credits for wind, solar, and hydrogen, which likely reduces renewable energy investment.
- Scored -5
Does this increase support for people who lose their jobs?
The bill prohibits unemployment compensation for individuals whose wages exceed $1,000,000.
What Congress actually voted on
23 recorded votes have been taken on this bill. 3 of them decided something; the rest moved it along.
- The House: the vote on whether to pass the bill This is the real decision in this chamber. Passing here sends the bill to the other chamber, which must pass it too before it can go to the President. Passed 215 yes · 214 no
05/22/2025 · Roll call 145 · recorded as “On Passage”
- The Senate: the vote on whether to pass the bill This is the real decision in this chamber. Passing here sends the bill to the other chamber, which must pass it too before it can go to the President. Passed 50 yes · 50 no
07/01/2025 · Roll call 372 · recorded as “On Passage of the Bill H.R. 1”
- The House: a vote to accept the other chamber's changes The House and Senate passed different versions. This votes on accepting the other chamber's wording, which is the last step before the bill goes to the President. Passed 218 yes · 214 no
07/03/2025 · Roll call 190 · recorded as “On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment”
- The House: a last attempt to send the bill back to committee The minority party's final chance to change or stall a bill just before the vote on passage. It almost always fails; when it succeeds, the bill does not get its final vote that day. Motion to recommit rejected 212 yes · 216 no
05/22/2025 · Roll call 144 · recorded as “On Motion to Recommit”
- The Senate: a vote on whether to start debating something This decides only whether the chamber takes the measure up at all. Nothing about the measure itself has been decided when it passes. Motion to Proceed Agreed to 51 yes · 49 no
06/28/2025 · Roll call 329 · recorded as “On the Motion to Proceed H.R. 1”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 47 yes · 53 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 332 · recorded as “On the Motion (Schumer Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 49 yes · 51 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 333 · recorded as “On the Motion (Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 47 yes · 53 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 335 · recorded as “On the Motion (Wyden Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 48 yes · 52 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 336 · recorded as “On the Motion (Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 49 yes · 51 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 337 · recorded as “On the Motion (Lujan Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 48 yes · 52 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 338 · recorded as “On the Motion (Reed Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 48 yes · 52 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 340 · recorded as “On the Motion (Blunt Rochester Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 47 yes · 53 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 346 · recorded as “On the Motion (Kaine Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 47 yes · 53 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 347 · recorded as “On the Motion (Blumenthal Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Armed Services with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 47 yes · 53 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 348 · recorded as “On the Motion (Gallego Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 48 yes · 52 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 349 · recorded as “On the Motion (Hassan Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 49 yes · 51 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 350 · recorded as “On the Motion (Duckworth Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 47 yes · 53 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 351 · recorded as “On the Motion (Schiff Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 47 yes · 53 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 353 · recorded as “On the Motion (Padilla Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to set aside an objection that the measure breaks a budget rule A senator objected that the measure spends or cuts more than the budget allows. Sixty votes set that objection aside; fewer, and the measure is stopped by the objection without a vote on what it would do. Motion to waive agreed to 51 yes · 48 no
06/30/2025 · Roll call 334 · recorded as “On the Motion (Motion to Waive Section 425(a)(2) of the CBA re: H.R. 1)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 47 yes · 53 no
07/01/2025 · Roll call 357 · recorded as “On the Motion (Wyden Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 48 yes · 51 no
07/01/2025 · Roll call 359 · recorded as “On the Motion (Warnock Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
- The Senate: a vote to send the measure to a committee instead of deciding it now Usually an attempt by the side that expects to lose to change the measure or delay it. If it fails, the measure stays on the floor and the chamber goes on to decide it. Motion to commit rejected 47 yes · 53 no
07/01/2025 · Roll call 354 · recorded as “On the Motion (Bennet Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)”
Who it would affect, and how
Potential Positive Impacts for People
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Food Assistance Adjustments: The bill re-evaluates the Thrifty Food Plan to establish uniform allotments for households of various sizes (Sec. 10101).
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SNAP Work Requirement Exceptions: It expands exceptions to work requirements to include individuals under 18, over 65, pregnant women, and those with certain Indian heritage (Sec. 10102).
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Tax Relief for Families: The bill includes extensions and enhancements for the increased standard deduction and the increased child tax credit (Sec. 70102, Sec. 70104).
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New Tax Relief Categories: It introduces new tax exclusions such as "no tax on tips," "no tax on overtime," and "no tax on car loan interest" (Sec. 70201, Sec. 70202, Sec. 70203).
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Support for Beginning Farmers: It provides additional premium assistance for beginning farmers and ranchers participating in crop insurance (Sec. 10501).
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Disaster Assistance: The bill increases livestock indemnity payments for losses due to predation to 100 percent of market value (Sec. 10401).
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Small Business and Rural Support: Provisions include the permanent renewal and enhancement of opportunity zones and the low-income housing tax credit (Sec. s70421, Sec. 70422).
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Military Personnel Quality of Life: The bill provides $2.9 billion to supplement basic housing allowances and $100 million for childcare fee assistance for members of the military and their families (SEC. 20001(a)(5), (a)(9)).
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Job Training and Education: Funding is allocated for tuition assistance ($100 million) and a specialized Online Academic Skills Course program ($10 million) for military members (SEC. 20001(a)(7), (a)(8)).
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Maritime Safety and Economic Presence: The Coast Guard receives over $24 billion to acquire new operational assets, including cutters and aircraft, to enhance search and rescue and maritime border security (SEC. 40001(a)).
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National Security Infrastructure: Massive investments are directed toward missile defense technologies, shipbuilding, and the modernization of nuclear forces to ensure national safety (SEC. 20003, 20008).
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Space Exploration Advancement: NASA receives nearly $10 billion to support Mars telecommunications, the Artemis program, and the operation of the International Space Station (SEC. 40005(a)).
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Energy Production and Economic Activity: The bill mandates increased onshore and offshore oil and gas lease sales, which may support energy production and economic development in specific states like Wyoming, New Mexico, and Alaska (SEC. 50101, 50102).
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Tax Relief for Middle-Class Families: The bill extends and enhances several tax benefits, such as increasing the standard deduction amounts and the child tax credit (Sections 70102, 70104).
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Financial Support for Seniors: A new deduction is established for qualified individuals who have attained age 65 (Section 70103).
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Tax Advantages for Workers: Workers can benefit from deductions on qualified tips and qualified overtime compensation (Sections 70201, 70202).
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Support for Homeowners and Drivers: The bill modifies deductions for qualified residence interest and provides a new deduction for qualified passenger vehicle loan interest (Sections 70108, 70203).
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Educational and Savings Benefits: It extends and enhances deductions for educator expenses and limits on contributions to ABLE accounts (Sections 70110, 70115).
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Investment Opportunities for Youth: The creation of "Trump accounts" allows for specific investment opportunities for individuals until they reach age 18 (Section 530A).
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Infrastructure and Energy Security: Funding is provided for the maintenance and acquisition of petroleum products for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, as well as for water conveyance and storage (Sections 50401, 50501).
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Research and Development Support: Taxpayers can deduct domestic research or experimental expenditures, which includes software development, providing a benefit to businesses engaged in these activities (Section 70302(a) and (d)(3)).
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Child Care Assistance: Employers can receive an enhanced credit for providing child care, with higher percentages and higher maximum amounts for small businesses (Section s 70401(a) and (b)).
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Adoption Support: The adoption credit is improved by making a portion of it refundable and adjusting it for inflation (Section 70402(a) and (b)).
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Education Opportunities: The bill expands the use of 529 accounts to cover various elementary and secondary school expenses, such as tutoring and curriculum materials (Section 70413(a)). It also creates a new tax credit for individuals contributing to scholarship granting organizations (Section s 70411(a)).
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Student Debt Relief: Employer payments for student loans are treated as qualified higher education expenses (Section 70412(a)).
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Community Investment: The bill provides for a permanent renewal and enhancement of Opportunity Zones, including specific benefits for rural areas (Section 70421).
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Support for Small Businesses: The bill expands the exclusion for gain from qualified small business stock, allowing taxpayers to exclude a higher percentage of gain if they hold the stock for shorter periods (3 to 5 years) compared to previous requirements. (Section 70431)
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Increased Charitable Giving Flexibility: The legislation increases the amount of the partial deduction for charitable contributions for individuals who do not itemize, raising the limit from $300 to $1,000. (Section 70424)
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Benefits for Farmers: A new provision allows for the election to pay taxes on gains from the sale of qualified farmland property in four equal installments rather than a single lump sum. (Section 70437)
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Support for Native Communities: The bill provides tax exemptions for nonprofit community development activities related to fisheries in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, benefiting entities operating in these areas. (Section 70428)
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Economic Incentives for Rural Property: It creates a tax exclusion for interest received by qualified lenders on loans secured by rural or agricultural real estate. (Section 70435)
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Increased Energy Investment Credits: The bill provides increased percentages for qualified investments in energy storage technology and qualified facilities, which could benefit those involved in the energy sector (Section 70514).
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Expansion of Clean Fuel Production: The extension of the Clean Fuel Production Credit until December 31, 2029, provides continued support for fuel production (Section 70521).
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Support for Small Agri-biodiesel Producers: The bill increases the credit for small agri-biodiesel producers from 10 cents to 20 cents, which may benefit these producers (Section 70521).
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Improved Medicaid Enrollment Accuracy: By requiring states to use the Death Master File to verify if enrollees are deceased, the bill aims to ensure medical assistance is not paid for deceased individuals (Section 71104).
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Flexibility in Long-Term Care Eligibility: States are given the option to apply higher home equity limits (up to $1,000,000) for individuals seeking long-term care services (Section 71108).
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New Tax Filing Opportunities: The bill allocates funding for a report on enhancing public-private partnerships to provide free tax filing for a significant portion of taxpayers (Section 70607).
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Expanded Home Care Access: The bill allows for expanded coverage of home or community-based services through Medicaid waivers, which can help individuals receive care in their own homes rather than in institutions (SEC. 71121(a)(1)(A)).
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Support for Rural Healthcare: A new Rural Health Transformation Program provides significant funding to States to improve access to hospitals and healthcare providers in rural areas (SEC. s 71401(a)(1)(A)).
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Protections for Medical Students: The bill establishes a "Repayment Assistance Plan" for certain student loan borrowers, which includes interest subsidies and the possibility of loan cancellation after 360 qualifying monthly payments (SEC. 82001(a)(2)(A)).
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New Educational Opportunities: The "Workforce Pell Grant" program is created to provide financial aid for eligible students enrolled in high-skill or in-demand workforce programs (SEC. 83002(a)(2)).
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Financial Assistance for Small Businesses and Farms: Under the Higher Education Act, certain assets like family farms or small businesses with fewer than 100 employees are exempted from asset calculations for specific purposes (SEC. 80001(a)(B)).
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Lowering Costs for Specific Medical Services: For certain individuals, the bill prohibits cost-sharing or deductions for primary care, mental health, and substance use disorder services (SEC. s 71120(a)(2)(B)(i)).
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Higher Education Accountability: Educational programs that fail to meet specific median earnings thresholds for graduates must notify students they are at risk of losing eligibility, providing transparency for students (Section (c)(6)).
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Improved Unaccompanied Child Safety: The Office of Refugee Resettlement receives funding to perform background checks and suitability studies on potential sponsors to ensure the safety of unaccompanied alien children (Section 87001(b)(1)).
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Enhanced Border Infrastructure and Technology: Significant funding is directed toward constructing barriers, access roads, and implementing advanced detection technology to secure the border (Section 90001).
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Increased Border Personnel and Resources: Funding is provided for hiring and training more agents, as well as providing recruitment and retention bonuses to bolster the workforce (Section 90002).
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Enhanced Security for Major Events: Funds are allocated to help State and local authorities manage security and planning for the 2026 FIFA World Cup and the 2028 Olympics (Section 90005(a)(1)).
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Radiation Exposure Compensation: The fund for radiation exposure compensation is extended, and specific eligibility and amount requirements are updated for leukemia claims related to historical testing (Section 100201 and 100202).
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Increased Compensation Amounts: The amendment increases the payment amount for certain individuals from $50,000 or $75,000 to $100,000 (Section 4(a)(2)).
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Expanded Disease Coverage for Miners: The bill adds coverage for renal cancer and other chronic renal diseases, including nephritis and kidney tubal tissue injury, for those working in uranium mines or mills (Section 5(a)(1)(A)(ii)(I) and (ii)(II)).
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Expanded Coverage for Job Roles: The bill expands the definition of eligible workers to include "core drillers" and those involved in "remediation efforts" at uranium mines or mills (Section 5(a)(1)(A)(ii)(II)).
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New Compensation for Manhattan Project Waste Claims: A new section establishes compensation for individuals who were physically present in certain affected areas and contracted specified diseases (Section 5A(a)).
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Medical Expense Reimbursement: Living claimants eligible under the Manhattan Project waste provisions can receive additional compensation for documented out-of-pocket medical expenses not covered by insurance (Section 5A(b)(2)).
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Benefits for Survivors: For those deceased at the time of a Manhattan Project waste claim, the bill allows for compensation payments to surviving spouses or children (Section 5A(c)).
Potential Negative Impacts for People
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SNAP Expense Restrictions: Service fees associated with internet connections may no longer be used in computing the excess shelter expense deduction (Sec. 10104).
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Forestry Funding Reductions: The bill rescinds certain amounts previously appropriated for forestry (Sec. 10201).
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Environmental and Climate Funding Reductions: There are numerous rescissions of funding for various environmental initiatives, including clean heavy-duty vehicles, greenhouse gas reduction, and air pollution prevention (Sec. 60001-60024).
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Healthcare Funding Changes: The bill includes a moratorium on certain implementation rules relating to Medicaid and Medicare enrollment (Sec. 71101, Sec. 71102).
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Higher Education Costs: It establishes new loan limits for graduate and professional students (Sec. 81001).
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Economic Burden of High Spending: The bill authorizes trillions of dollars in various appropriations for defense, shipbuilding, and space programs, which represents a massive use of Treasury funds (SEC. 20001-20009, 40005).
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Potential Environmental Impact: The mandate for increased oil and gas leasing and expanded coal mining activities could lead to environmental changes or concerns in the affected regions (SEC. 50101, 50102, 50203).
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Federal Land Use Changes: Increased timber sales on National Forest System and public lands could affect those who utilize these lands for non-commercial purposes (SEC. 50301).
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Industry Fees: A new user fee will be imposed on space launch and reentry activities, which could increase costs for commercial space entities (SEC. 40004(a)).
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Financial Penalties for Late Payments: Holders of rights-of-way for renewable energy projects may be charged late payment fees if payments are not received within 15 days of the due date (Section (d)(1)).
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Risk of Losing Land Rights: A right-of-way for a renewable energy project may be terminated if payment is not received within 90 days of the due date (Section (d)(2)).
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Loss of Previous Funding: The bill rescinds various unobligated balances from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 across multiple sectors, including environmental and energy programs (Sections 50304, 50402, 60001-60024).
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Deduction Reductions: The deduction for qualified tips and qualified overtime compensation is subject to reductions based on modified adjusted gross income (Sections 70201, 70202).
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Penalties for Incorrect Tax Filings: Taxpayers may face penalties of $500 or $1,000 for negligent or fraudulent claims regarding the Trump account contribution pilot program (Section 6659).
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Restrictions on Research Deductions: The new full expensing for domestic research does not apply to expenditures for the acquisition or improvement of land or certain property subject to depreciation or depletion (Section 70302(d)(1)).
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Exclusions for Exploration: Expenditures for ascertaining the existence or quality of mineral deposits, such as oil and gas, are excluded from the new research expenditure deductions (Section 0302(d)(2)).
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Educational Institution Tax Burden: Private colleges and universities with large endowments will face a new excise tax on their net investment income (Section 70415(a)).
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Limits on Scholarship Contributions: The tax credit for contributions to scholarship granting organizations is capped at $1,700 and is reduced by any similar state tax credits (Section 70411(b) and (c)).
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Termination of Green Energy Subsidies: Many existing tax credits are being significantly shortened or terminated, such as the clean vehicle credit, energy efficient home improvement credit, and residential clean energy credit. (Sections 70501, 70502, 70505, 70506)
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Restrictions on Energy Credits: Taxpayers may lose eligibility for energy credits if they receive material assistance from prohibited foreign entities. (Section 70510, 70512)
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Increased Burdens for Taxpayers: The bill introduces a new 0.5 percent floor on the deduction of charitable contributions, meaning some contributions may no longer be deductible. (Section 70425)
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Higher Costs for Energy Production: There are new penalties and accuracy-related requirements for taxpayers regarding energy credits, which could lead to unexpected tax liabilities or penalties. (Section 70510)
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Tax on Remittance Transfers: A new 1-percent tax is imposed on remittance transfers involving cash or similar physical instruments, which will be collected from the sender (Section 70604).
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New Medicaid Community Engagement Requirements: Individuals eligible for Medicaid may be required to demonstrate community engagement (such as working or volunteering 80 hours a month) to maintain eligibility, which could burden those unable to meet these requirements (Section 71119).
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Increased Penalties for Commercial Shipments: A new civil penalty of up to $5,000 for the first violation and $10,000 for subsequent violations is established for those attempting to use de minimis entry privileges in violation of customs law (Section 70531).
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Medicaid Eligibility Restrictions for Aliens: The bill limits Medicaid payments for certain aliens, which could impact those who are not citizens, nationals, or permanent residents (Section 71109).
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Phase-out of Manufacturing Credits: The phase-out and termination of various production credits, including those for critical minerals and wind energy components, could impact manufacturers in those industries (Section 70514).
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Increased Healthcare Costs for Some: The bill requires certain "expansion individuals" under Medicaid to pay deductions or cost-sharing for specific care, items, or services (SEC. s 71120(a)(2)(A)).
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Medicare Coverage Restrictions: Medicare coverage will be limited to citizens, certain legal residents, and specific groups, which could impact the eligibility of others (SEC. 71201(a)(1)).
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New Student Loan Limitations: The bill imposes specific annual and aggregate limits on how much graduate, professional, and parent borrowers can take out in loans (SEC. 81001(a)(4)).
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Reduced Deferment Options: There are sunsets on certain economic hardship and unemployment deferments for student loan borrowers, meaning they may no longer be eligible for these protections after July 1, 2027 (SEC. 82001(a)(2)).
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Loss of Unemployment Benefits for High Earners: Federal funds can no longer be used to pay unemployment compensation to individuals whose wages during their base period were $1,000,000 or more (SEC. 73001(a)(1)(A)).
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Pell Grant Ineligibility: Students with a high student aid index (at least twice the maximum Pell Grant amount) will become ineligible for Federal Pell Grants (SEC. 83001(b)(1)).
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Loss of Educational Funding: Institutions with "low-earning outcome programs" may lose eligibility for federal funds if their graduates' median earnings fall below certain benchmarks (Section (c)(2)).
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Increased Costs for Immigration Processes: The bill establishes several new, non-waivable fees for various immigration stages, including asylum applications, employment authorization, and parole (Sections 100002, 100003, and 100004).
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Increased Costs for Visa and Status Applications: New fees are required for those applying for adjustment of status, visa integrity, and other immigration-related legal processes (Sections 100007, 100013, and 100015).
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Health Benefit Verification Burdens: The implementation of new verification processes for adding family members to health benefits may lead to increased oversight and audits of federal employee health plans (Section 90101).
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Strict Documentation Requirements: To receive compensation for Manhattan Project waste claims, individuals must submit contemporaneous written residential documentation or other specific records to prove physical presence (Section 5A(f)(1)).
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Specific Deadlines for Medical Claims: Claimants seeking compensation for medical expenses related to Manhattan Project waste must submit their documentation on or before December 31, 2028 (Section 5A(b)(3)).
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Time-Bound Claim Window: The deadline for submitting claims under the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act is set to December 31, 2027 (Section 8(a)).
Groups and Interests Ranking
Every group the model scored this bill for, from -10 to +10. Tap or hover a score for the reason it gave.
- Demographic And Interest Groups
- Would business owners be better off under this? — The bill provides significant tax advantages through full expensing of business property and research. Would farmers be better off under this? — The bill provides increased assistance, research funding, and tax relief for agricultural land sales. Would people with disabilities be better off under this? — The bill provides funding for the Assistive Technology Program for Farmers With Disabilities. Would people in rural areas be better off under this? — The bill invests heavily in rural healthcare, infrastructure, and agricultural development. Would children be better off under this? — The bill enhances the child tax credit, provides childcare assistance, and funds the protection of unaccompanied children. Would middle-income households be better off under this? — The bill expands tax credits for childcare, education, and provides deductions for tips and overtime. Would Native Americans be better off under this? — The bill includes provisions benefiting Native Alaskan subsistence and tribal governments for adoption credits. Would retired people be better off under this? — The bill provides specific tax deductions and extends compensation funds for radiation exposure. Would union members be better off under this? — The heavy investment in shipbuilding and manufacturing is likely to benefit industrial labor sectors. Would women be better off under this? — The bill includes support for military spouses' professional licensure. Would people in their twenties and thirties be better off under this? — The bill includes provisions for car loan interest deductions and postsecondary credentialing. Would households on low incomes be better off under this? — The bill increases various tax credits, standard deductions, and Pell Grant eligibility. Would people over 65 be better off under this? — The bill provides a new deduction for individuals over 65 and increases Medicare physician fees. Would students be better off under this? — The bill includes scholarships for 1890 Institutions and the new Workforce Pell Grant program. Would veterans be better off under this, taking everything together? — The bill provides funding for health conditions related to radiation exposure and retirement home facilities. Would high-income households be better off under this? — The bill allows for installment payments on large tax liabilities from land sales. Would immigrants be better off under this? — The bill imposes numerous new fees and increases detention and enforcement activities. Would Hispanic Americans be better off under this? — The bill significantly increases fees and costs associated with immigration and asylum applications.
- Economy And Finance
- Does this make it easier to run a small business? — The bill enhances support for small businesses through increased child care credits, asset expensing, and qualified stock exclusions. Does this cut the tax on profits from selling investments? — The bill expands exclusions for gains from qualified small business stock and opportunity zone investments. Does this cut taxes for middle-income families? — The bill extends and enhances the standard deduction and the child tax credit for middle-income families. Does this cut taxes for small businesses? — The bill expands the exclusion for gain from qualified small business stock and increases the child care credit for eligible small businesses. Is this likely to grow the economy? — The bill includes various tax deductions, investments in manufacturing, and expanded energy production to stimulate growth. Does this reduce what the federal government spends? — The bill reduces federal spending by terminating numerous clean energy and green subsidy credits. Is this likely to create jobs? — The bill's focus on manufacturing, energy production, and opportunity zones is intended to stimulate job growth. Does this cut the tax on money left behind when someone dies? — The bill increases the estate and gift tax exemption amounts. Does this make the government pay for what it commits to? — The bill provides funding for finding budget and accounting efficiencies in the executive branch. Does this increase support for people who lose their jobs? — The bill prohibits unemployment compensation for individuals whose wages exceed $1,000,000. Does this raise the taxes companies pay? — The bill introduces new restrictions and penalties on corporate tax credits for energy production. Does this raise taxes on the highest earners? — The bill modifies tax treatments for high-value assets like qualified farmland and increases audit risks for large entities. Does this give people more protection from unfair business practices? — The termination of home energy efficiency credits reduces consumer options for tax-advantaged upgrades. Does this reduce what the federal government owes? — The bill increases the federal debt limit by $5 trillion.
- Education And Technology
- Does this put more money into scientific research? — The bill provides significant funding for NASA, agricultural, and transformational AI research. Does this put more into space exploration? — The bill provides significant funding for NASA's space exploration and Mars missions. Does this make college cost less? — The bill expands the use of 529 accounts for K-12 and postsecondary expenses. Does this reduce what student borrowers owe or repay? — The bill establishes a new Repayment Assistance Plan for certain student loan borrowers.
- Social Issues And Justice
- Does this tighten control of the border? — The bill allocates massive funding for border walls, personnel, technology, and infrastructure. Does this make child care cost less? — The bill enhances the employer-provided childcare tax credit and provides fee assistance for military members. Does this make housing cost less? — The bill enhances the low-income housing tax credit and provides incentives for opportunity zone investments. Is this likely to lift people out of poverty? — The bill re-evaluates the Thrifty Food Plan and expands various tax credits for low-income families. Does this narrow racial gaps in how people are treated? — The bill expands SNAP work requirement exceptions to include individuals of certain Indian heritage. Does this make it easier for immigrants already here to become citizens? — The bill focuses heavily on detention and enforcement rather than pathways to legal status. Does this strengthen Social Security? — The bill changes several provisions related to Medicaid and Medicare eligibility and coverage.
- Environment Energy And Infrastructure
- Does this invest in rural communities? — The bill invests heavily in rural healthcare transformation, agricultural research, and infrastructure. Does this repair or build roads and bridges? — The bill funds military construction, water storage, and access roads for border infrastructure. Does this put more money into wind, solar and other renewable power? — The bill terminates several key credits for wind, solar, and hydrogen, which likely reduces renewable energy investment. Does this cut the pollution that drives climate change? — The bill terminates many major clean energy production and consumption credits, likely slowing decarbonization. Does this reduce how much oil, gas and coal is produced? — The termination of clean energy incentives may favor continued fossil fuel reliance. Does this better protect air, water and wildlife? — The reduction in clean energy subsidies may impact environmental protection goals.
- National Security And Foreign Policy
- Does this better protect the country from computer attacks? — The bill allocates resources for the cybersecurity of the Department of Defense and rural hospitals. Does this make trade with other countries easier? — The bill funds programs to encourage the expansion of commercial export markets for US agricultural commodities. Does this increase the pay, pensions or support veterans receive? — The bill provides $6 million for Armed Forces Retirement Home facilities and expands RECA coverage.
- Healthcare
- Does this make health care easier to get in general? — The bill establishes a Rural Health Transformation Program to improve access to healthcare providers in rural areas. Does this do more about addiction and overdose deaths? — The bill allocates funds for rural hospitals to support access to opioid use disorder treatment services. Does this make mental health care easier to get? — The bill provides funds for rural hospitals to support access to mental health services. Does this help veterans get medical care? — The bill increases compensation and expands coverage for certain radiation exposure claims. Does this lower the price of prescription medicines? — The bill expands the exclusion for orphan drugs under the drug price negotiation program. Does this strengthen the Affordable Care Act? — The bill implements more stringent pre-enrollment verification processes and restricts premium tax credits. Does this put more money into Medicaid, the health coverage for people on low incomes? — The bill includes various provisions that could reduce Medicaid costs through stricter eligibility and verification.
- Governance And Ideology
- Does this make what the government does easier for the public to see? — The bill increases funding for the Inspector General and establishes a task force for tax filing oversight. Does this protect people from being watched or searched? — The bill increases data collection requirements for background checks on potential immigrant sponsors.
- Public Law (7/5/2025)
The text as it became law
- Enrolled Bill
The final version, on its way to the President
The changes one chamber made to the other chamber’s version, as it passed them
In the queue for a floor vote, with no date set
Lindsey Graham (R-SC)· Jul 1, 2025
S.Amdt. 2360: In the nature of a substitute.
Adopted
5150
Joni Ernst (R-IA)· Jul 1, 2025
S.Amdt. 2372: To end unemployment payments to jobless millionaires.
Adopted
By voice vote, no names recorded
Mazie Hirono (D-HI)· Jul 1, 2025
S.Amdt. 2382: To eliminate a program of qualified elementary and secondary education scholarships for public, private, or religious schools.
Failed
5050
Marsha Blackburn (R-TN)· Jun 30, 2025
S.Amdt. 2401: Its purpose is not yet published.
Ruled out of order
Amendment SA 2401 ruled out of order by the chair.
Elizabeth Warren (D-MA)· Jun 30, 2025
S.Amdt. 2414: Its purpose is not yet published.
Ruled out of order
Amendment SA 2414 ruled out of order by the chair.
Bernie Sanders (I-VT)· Jul 1, 2025
S.Amdt. 2435: To cut the price of prescription drugs under Medicare in half and expand Medicare to cover dental, vision, and hearing.
Failed
4753
Jeff Merkley (D-OR)· Jun 30, 2025
S.Amdt. 2446: Its purpose is not yet published.
Ruled out of order
Amendment SA 2446 ruled out of order by the chair.
Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)· Jul 1, 2025
S.Amdt. 2564: To repeal amendments that terminate certain clean energy credits, and for other purposes.
Failed
4951
Chris Van Hollen (D-MD)· Jul 1, 2025
S.Amdt. 2585: To strike the appropriations for the Office of Management and Budget.
Failed
5050
- 7/4/2025
- Signed by President.
- Became Public Law No: 119-21.
- 7/3/2025
- Resolving differences -- House actions: On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to by recorded vote: 218 - 214 (Roll no. 190).
- Presented to President.
- Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
- On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to by recorded vote: 218 - 214 (Roll no. 190). (text: CR H3059-3143)
- The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
- DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 566, the House proceeded with one hour of debate on the motion to agree to the Senate amendment to H.R. 1.
- Mr. Arrington moved that the House agree to the Senate amendment to H.R. 1. (CR H3143)
- Mr. Arrington moved that the House agree to the Senate amendment. (consideration: CR H3059-3187)
- Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 566, Mr. Arrington called up the Senate amendment to H.R. 1.
- 7/1/2025
- Motion by Senator Bennet to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 354.
- Motion by Senator Wyden to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 357.
- Motion by Senator Warnock to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 51. Record Vote Number: 359.
- Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 50. Record Vote Number: 372.
- Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 50. Record Vote Number: 372.
- Message on Senate action sent to the House.
- 6/30/2025
- Considered by Senate.
- Motion by Senator Schumer to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 332.
- Motion by Senator Markey to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 333.
- Point of order that the measure violates section 425(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act raised in Senate.
- Motion to waive section 425(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act with respect to the measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 48. Record Vote Number: 334.
- Motion by Senator Wyden to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 335.
- Motion by Senator Coons to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 336.
- Motion by Senator Lujan to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 337.
- Motion by Senator Reed to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 338.
- Motion by Senator Blunt Rochester to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 340.
- Motion by Senator Kaine to commit to Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 346.
- Motion by Senator Blumenthal to commit to Senate Committee on Armed Services with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 347.
- Motion by Senator Gallego to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 348.
- Motion by Senator Hassan to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 349.
- Motion by Senator Duckworth to commit to Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 350.
- Motion by Senator Schiff to commit to Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 351.
- Motion by Senator Alsobrooks to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.
- Motion by Senator Kelly to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.
- Motion by Senator Murphy to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.
- Motion by Senator King to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.
- Motion by Senator Padilla to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 353.
- 6/28/2025
- Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 107.
- Motion to proceed to consideration of measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 49. Record Vote Number: 329.
- 6/27/2025
- Received in the Senate. Read the first time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under Read the First Time.
- 5/22/2025
- Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
- Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 215 - 214, 1 Present (Roll no. 145). (text: CR H2235-2334)
- On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 215 - 214, 1 Present (Roll no. 145). (text: CR H2235-2334)
- On motion to recommit Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 212 - 216 (Roll no. 144).
- The previous question on the motion to recommit was ordered pursuant to clause 2(b) of rule XIX.
- Mrs. Trahan moved to recommit to the Committee on the Budget. (CR H2356)
- The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
- DEBATE - The House proceeded with two hours of debate on H.R. 1.
- Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 1. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 1 under a closed rule with two hours of general debate and one motion to recommit.
- Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 436. (consideration: CR H2235-2357)
- Rule H. Res. 436 passed House.
- 5/21/2025
- Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 436 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 1. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 1 under a closed rule with two hours of general debate and one motion to recommit.
- 5/20/2025
- The House Committee on the Budget reported an original measure, H. Rept. 119-106, by Mr. Arrington.
- Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 78.
- Bill introduced.
35 bills Congress.gov lists as related to this one — companions in the other chamber, earlier versions, and bills this one absorbed or was folded into.
- 119-HR-662: Promoting Domestic Energy Production Act
- 119-HR-939: Student Empowerment Act
- 119-HR-1003: Enhancing Energy Recovery Act
- 119-HR-1019: Medicaid Program Improvement Act
- 119-HR-1131: Family Farm and Small Business Exemption Act
- 119-HR-1151: Freedom to Invest in Tomorrow’s Workforce Act
- 119-HR-1403: LIVE Beneficiaries Act
- 119-HR-1436: ENABLE Act
- 119-HR-1882: Saving Gig Economy Taxpayers Act
- 119-HR-2186: To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to restore the limitation on downward attribution of stock ownership in applying constructive ownership rules.
- 119-HR-3448: LIP Enhancement Act of 2025
- 119-HR-3450: To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for special rules allowing taxpayers to deduct qualified passenger vehicle loan interest paid or accrued during the taxable year on certain indebtedness, and for other purposes.
- 119-HR-3687: To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to renew and enhance opportunity zones, and for other purposes.
- 119-HR-4209: No Medicaid for Illegals Act
- 119-HR-5463: Choice Arrangement
- 119-HR-5595: Requiring Excise for Migrant Income Transfers Act” or the “REMIT Act.
- 119-HR-6800: To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to terminate the tax-exempt status of terrorist supporting organizations.
- 119-HR-8415: Small Business Tax Cut Act
- 119-HR-9496: End Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act
- 119-HR-10072: Hardworking Seniors Act
- 119-S-152: Student Empowerment Act
- 119-S-224: Promoting Domestic Energy Production Act
- 119-S-425: Enhancing Energy Recovery Act
- 119-S-678: LIVE Beneficiaries Act
- 119-S-756: Freedom to Invest in Tomorrow’s Workforce Act
- 119-S-1683: PELL Act of 2025
- 119-S-1687: Fair Accounting for Condominium Construction Act
- 119-S-1781: LIP Enhancement Act of 2025
- 119-S-1944: Employee Access to Worksite Health Services Act
- 119-S-2002: REMIT Act
- 119-S-2875: CHOICE Act
- 119-S-3554: A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to terminate the tax-exempt status of terrorist supporting organizations.
- 119-HCONRES-14: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034.
- 119-HRES-436: Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1) to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.
- 119-HRES-492: Directing the Clerk of the House of Representatives to make a correction in the engrossment of H.R. 1.